EV Propulsion Power is Reduced: Causes & Fixes

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained incredible traction over the last decade. With advancements in technology and a growing awareness of our environmental impact, more people than ever are switching to these clean-energy alternatives.

It’s been an incredible journey witnessing this evolution, especially from my perspective as a mechanic with over 13 years of experience.

Now, I don’t just have my hands greased up in the garage; I also love penning down my insights to help vehicle owners navigate the electric frontier. In my years on the job, under the hood and behind the keyboard, I’ve encountered a recurring concern: reduced propulsion power in EVs.

Why does this happen? How can one troubleshoot it? Is there a way to fix it? I’m here to break all of this down for you. With over a decade in the field and countless EVs inspected, I promise to keep it straightforward and informative. Let’s dive in!

Understanding EV Propulsion System

When we think about conventional vehicles, we often picture an intricate dance of pistons, gears, and combustible fuel. Electric vehicles, on the other hand, simplify this dance considerably but bring their own unique choreography to the table.

Firstly, let’s establish the basics. At the heart of every EV is its battery. Think of it as the gas tank, but instead of fossil fuels, it stores energy in electricity. It’s this stored energy that powers everything in your vehicle, from the air conditioning to the main attraction: the propulsion system.

Next, we have the electric motor. This is where the magic happens. While internal combustion engines rely on many moving parts and explosions, electric motors operate on electromagnetic principles to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Simply put, it turns the stored electricity from the battery into motion, propelling your car forward (or backward, depending on your driving needs). Now, if the battery is the gas tank and the motor is the engine, then the inverter plays the role of the translator.

The battery stores energy as direct current (DC), but the motor needs alternating current (AC) to operate. The inverter’s job is to convert the DC from the battery into AC for the motor.

Lastly, the controller acts like the brain of the operation. It dictates how much power goes from the battery to the motor. When you press the accelerator, you tell the controller, “Hey, I want to go faster!” And it responds by sending more electricity to the motor.

Causes of Reduced Propulsion Power

Electric vehicles, while revolutionary in many ways, are not immune to issues. One of the challenges EV drivers occasionally encounter is a decrease in propulsion power. Let’s explore some of the predominant causes:

1. Battery-Related Issues

Electric vehicles can also have battery-related issues that can cause the reduction of the propulsion power. Here are the factors that can trigger battery issues;

Battery Degradation Over Time

Like any rechargeable battery, the one in your EV doesn’t last forever. Over time and with repeated charge-discharge cycles, its capacity to hold a charge diminishes, reducing range and power.

Faulty Battery Cells

Sometimes, individual cells within the battery can malfunction or become damaged. When this happens, the overall performance of the battery is compromised.

Poor Battery Management Systems

The battery management system (BMS) monitors and manages the battery’s performance. It can fail to optimize the battery’s output if it’s not working correctly.

External Factors

Extreme temperatures, either too hot or too cold, can influence battery performance. Also, driving habits, such as regularly accelerating aggressively, can strain the battery.

2. Electrical System Faults

Electrical systems can develop faults over time due to several reasons;

Loose or Corroded Connections

Electricity flows through various connections in your EV. If any of these connections are loose or corroded, it can hinder the flow of electricity, causing reduced power.

Inverter or Converter Malfunctions

As previously discussed, inverters transform the DC from the battery into AC for the motor. If this component malfunctions, it affects the power supplied to the motor.

Software Glitches

Modern EVs rely heavily on software to manage various systems. Sometimes, a software glitch or outdated firmware can lead to propulsion power issues.

3. Motor Issues

Electric vehicles are not invulnerable to experiencing motor issues every now and then. Here are the motor-related issues that can influence reduced propulsion power in EVs;

Mechanical Wear and Tear

Even though electric motors have fewer moving parts than traditional engines, they’re not exempt from wear and tear. This can eventually cause a drop in performance.

Overheating

Electric motors generate heat, especially under heavy loads. If the cooling system doesn’t manage this heat effectively, it can lead to overheating and reduced power.

Internal Short Circuits

Rare but problematic, a short circuit within the motor can cause significant power loss.

4. Environmental Factors

Extreme Temperatures

Just as extreme temperatures can affect the battery, they can also influence the performance of other components in the EV.

Prolonged Exposure to Moisture or Water

EVs are designed to handle rain and puddles, but extended exposure to significant amounts of water, say from flooding, can harm the electrical systems.

5. Human Errors

Incorrect Charging Habits

Constantly charging the battery to 100% or draining it entirely before recharging can reduce its lifespan and efficiency.

Not Adhering to Manufacturer’s Maintenance Guidelines

Skipping recommended maintenance or using non-compatible parts can introduce a range of issues, including reduced propulsion power.

Fixes and Solutions

Understanding the root causes of reduced propulsion power is crucial. But what’s even more vital is knowing how to address these issues to keep your EV running at peak performance. Let’s delve into some actionable fixes and solutions:

1. Battery Management

• Regular Check-ups and Health Scans: Schedule periodic health checks for your battery. Specialized equipment can gauge its capacity and health, ensuring it’s in top shape.
• Ensuring Correct Charging Practices: To prolong battery life, avoid charging it to 100% all the time. It’s often recommended to keep it between 20% and 80%. Also, avoid letting the battery drain completely before charging.
• Considering Battery Replacements or Refurbishments: If your battery has significantly degraded, it might be time to consider a replacement or refurbishment. Newer batteries offer better range and performance.

2. Electrical System Maintenance

• Regular inspections of cables and connections: Ensure all electrical connections are tight and corrosion-free. This helps maintain a seamless flow of electricity throughout the vehicle.
• Software updates from manufacturers: Regularly update your EV’s software. Manufacturers often release updates to optimize performance and rectify known glitches.
• Replacing faulty components: If diagnostics indicate that components like inverters or converters are malfunctioning, timely replacements are essential.

3. Motor Maintenance and Repairs

• Keeping it Free from Dust and Debris: Ensure the motor and its surroundings are clean. Dust and debris can impede cooling and reduce efficiency.
• Ensuring Adequate Cooling: Ensure that the cooling system is working optimally. Overheating can significantly hamper motor performance.
• Professional Check-ups and Repairs: If you suspect any issues with the motor, have it checked by professionals. They can address wear and tear or any internal short circuits.

4. Environmental Precautions

• Using Insulated or Heated Garages in Cold Climates: If you live in an area with cold winters, consider storing your EV in an insulated or heated garage to protect the battery and other components.
• Avoiding Waterlogged Roads or Areas: While EVs are designed to handle some water exposure, it’s best to avoid driving through deep puddles or flooded areas.

5. Educative Measures

• Understanding the Vehicle’s User Manual: Familiarize yourself with the manufacturer’s guidelines. The user manual often contains valuable information on maintenance and best practices.
• Attending Workshops or Webinars on EV Maintenance: As EV technology evolves, there’s always something new to learn. Workshops and webinars can provide a wealth of information to keep you updated.

Wrapping It Up

Addressing reduced propulsion power in your EV doesn’t have to be daunting. With regular maintenance and an understanding of the potential causes, you can ensure a smooth and efficient ride.

Remember, timely intervention is key, and if ever in doubt, consulting with professionals or fellow EV enthusiasts can provide valuable insights.